Things to do after installing DEBIAN 13

## Add your username to the sudo group
su -
usermod -aG sudo daalvarez

Check if you were added:
cat /etc/group | grep sudo
groups

## Update your system
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

# Add "contrib non-free" and backport repositories
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

Add to the end of line of /etc/apt/sources.list "contrib non-free". For example:
"contrib non-free"

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie main non-free-firmware

changes to:

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie main non-free-firmware contrib non-free

sudo sed -i.bak 's/main$/main contrib non-free/' /etc/apt/sources.list

And then:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

## Install missing programs

* audacity: An open-source, multi-track digital audio editor and recorder.
* btop: Monitors system resources (CPU, memory, disks, network, and processes) through a modern, interactive terminal interface.
* command-not-found: Suggests the correct package to install when you type a command that is missing from your system.
* curl: Transfers data to or from a network server using a wide variety of protocols (like HTTP, HTTPS, FTP) via the command line.
* dictd: A database server that allows looking up word definitions using the DICT protocol.
* fastfetch: Displays system information layout alongside an ASCII logo cleanly and rapidly inside the terminal.
* ffmpeg: Decodes, encodes, transcodes, muxes, demuxes, streams, filters, and plays almost any multimedia file format.

sudo apt install audacity btop command-not-found curl dictd fastfetch ffmpeg 

* fonts-croscore: Bundles Google's ChromeOS core fonts designed to replace common proprietary Windows typefaces.
* fonts-crosextra-caladea: Supplies a serif typeface metrically compatible with Microsoft's Cambria font.
* fonts-crosextra-carlito: Supplies a sans-serif typeface metrically compatible with Microsoft's Calibri font.
* fonts-firacode: Installs a monospaced font with programming ligatures designed for better code readability.
* fonts-jetbrains-mono: Delivers a highly legible monospaced font tailored specifically for developers and code editors.
* gimp-data-extras: Adds a collection of extra brushes, patterns, and gradients to expand GIMP's creative toolkit.
* git-lfs: A Git extension that efficiently manages and stores large files (like videos or images) outside the main repository.
* gnupg: Implements the OpenPGP standard to allow you to securely encrypt and sign data and communications.
* hunspell-es: The Spanish dictionary used for spell-checking in applications like LibreOffice and Firefox.
* hyphen-es: Spanish syllabification and hyphenation rules used for automatic text layout in word processors.
* htop: Displays an interactive, real-time list of running processes and system resource usage.
* ImageMagick: A command-line software suite used to create, edit, compose, or convert bitmap images.

sudo apt install fonts-croscore fonts-crosextra-caladea fonts-crosextra-carlito fonts-firacode fonts-jetbrains-mono gimp-data-extras git-lfs gnupg hunspell-es hyphen-es htop imagemagick 

* inkscape: A professional, open-source vector graphics editor similar to Adobe Illustrator or CorelDraw.
* kompare: A graphical KDE tool used to compare text files and view differences (diffs) between them.
* krename: A powerful KDE batch file renamer that allows renaming multiple files simultaneously.
* kruler: An on-screen pixel ruler for the KDE desktop to measure screen distances and visual dimensions.
* krusader: An advanced, twin-panel (commander-style) file manager for the KDE desktop environment.
* libimage-exiftool-perl: A Perl library and command-line application for reading, writing, and editing metadata (EXIF, IPTC, XMP) in files.
* libreoffice: Bundles a full-featured, open-source office suite including word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations. Even though it is already installed in Debian, you should do it again, since it installs additional files.
* libreoffice-gtk3: Integrates LibreOffice smoothly into modern desktop environments by enabling the GTK3 user interface plugin (improves fonts in libreoffice).
* lsb-release: Prints specific information about your current Linux distribution's release details.
* mc (Midnight Commander): A classic, text-based visual file manager with a dual-panel layout for the terminal.
* meld: A graphical diff viewer and merge tool that helps compare code, files, and directories visually.
* ncdu: Analyzes and visualizes disk usage interactively inside the terminal using an ncurses interface.
* nload: Monitors network traffic and bandwidth usage in real time using simple text-based graphs.

sudo apt install inkscape kompare krename kruler krusader libimage-exiftool-perl libreoffice libreoffice-gtk3 lsb-release mc meld ncdu nload 

* ocrmypdf: A tool that adds a searchable text layer to image-only PDF files using Optical Character Recognition (OCR).
* octave (GNU Octave): A high-level language and numerical computation environment that is mostly compatible with MATLAB.
* pdftk: A command-line toolkit used to manipulate, split, merge, encrypt, and fill forms in PDF documents.
* plocate: it contains updatedb.
* pydf: Displays your system's free disk space in a color-coded, easier-to-read format than the traditional df command.
* p7zip-full: Packs and unpacks advanced 7z high-compression archives along with standard zip and tar files.
* python3-pip: Installs and manages software packages and external libraries written for the Python 3 runtime environment.
* subversion (SVN): A centralized version control system used to manage and track changes in source code and files.
* synaptic: Governs advanced package installations, updates, and removals through a graphical APT package manager interface.
* tesseract-langpack-spa: The Spanish language data pack for the Tesseract open-source OCR engine.
* texlive-full: A complete installation of the TeX/LaTeX typesetting system, including all packages, fonts, and languages.
* texstudio: A fully-featured Integrated Development Environment (IDE) specifically tailored for writing LaTeX documents.
* tree: Lists the contents of directories in a visual, tree-like structure.

sudo apt install ocrmypdf octave plocate pdftk pydf p7zip-full python3-pip subversion synaptic tesseract-ocr-spa texlive-full texstudio tree 

* ttf-mscorefonts-installer: An installer script that downloads and configures Microsoft's core TrueType fonts (like Arial and Times New Roman) on Linux.
* unrar: Extracts files from proprietary RAR archive formats that standard compression tools cannot open.
* vim: Edits text efficiently as a highly configurable, powerful terminal-based text editor.
* vlc: A free, open-source, cross-platform multimedia player that runs almost all video and audio formats.
* workrave: A health management program that assists in preventing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome by prompting the user for regular breaks.
* wxmaxima: A graphical user interface based on menus and dialogs for the Maxima Computer Algebra System (symbolic math).
* xournalpp: A hand-written note-taking and PDF annotation application designed for drawing tablets and digital pens.
* wget: Downloads files and web content from internet servers non-interactively via the command line.

sudo apt install ttf-mscorefonts-installer unrar vim vlc workrave wxmaxima xournalpp wget

Now download, from their webpages, the corresponding .DEB file:
    Anaconda
    Antigravity
    Visual Studio Code: https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/setup/linux    
    Brave browser https://brave.com/linux/
    Google Earth Pro
    XodoPDFReader (pdfstudioviewer)
    qgis
    FSPViewer (see 360° photos)

## Configure git-lfs
See webpage of this program

## Configure command-not-found bash-completion
sudo apt update
sudo update-command-not-found

## Install flatpak

sudo apt install flatpak
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

## Optimize Power and Performance (Especially on Laptops)
This increases battery life:

sudo apt install tlp tlp-rdw
sudo systemctl enable tlp

## Append to the end of .bashrc:
export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
export EDITOR=vim
alias ll='ls -alF'

## Disable GPU for VSCODE (in my older computer)
cp /usr/share/applications/code.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/
Edit ~/.local/share/applications/code.desktop and modify the Exec= line:
Exec=/usr/share/code/code --disable-gpu %F

Append to the end of .bashrc:
alias code='code --disable-gpu'

## Disable GPU for BRAVE BROWSER (in my older computer)
Edit /usr/share/applications/brave-browser.desktop and modify the Exec= line
Exec=/usr/bin/brave-browser-stable --disable-gpu --disable-software-rasterizer %U

## Fix VIM pasting issue
https://blog.programster.org/fix-vim-pasting-issue

echo "set mouse=r" >> ~/.vimrc
echo "set mouse=r" | sudo tee -a /root/.vimrc

## Enable syntax highlighting on VIM
echo "syntax on" >> ~/.vimrc

## Timeshift and rsync
https://www.linuxtechi.com/top-things-to-do-after-installing-debian/


## Solving some errors:

This error appears after starting DEBIAN 13:

IBus should be called from the desktop session in Wayland. For KDE, you can launch 'systemsettings5' utility and go to "Input Devices" -> "Virtual Keyboard" section and select "IBus Wayland" icon and click "Apply" button to configure IBus in Wayland. For other desktop sessions, you can copy the 'Exec=' line in org.freedesktop.IBus.Panel.Wayland.Gtk3.desktop file to a configuration file of the session. Please refer each document about the "Wayland input method" configuration. Before you configure the "Wayland input method", you should make sure that QT_IM_MODULE and GTK_IM_MODULE environment variables are unset in the desktop session. 

HOW TO SOLVE IT

Open System Settings from your application launcher.
In the left-hand sidebar, navigate to Keyboard (or Input Devices depending on your sub-version).
Click on Virtual Keyboard.
Select the IBus Wayland icon from the options.
Click Apply in the bottom-right corner. 

NOW IT APPEARS:

Please unset QT_IM_MODULE and GTK_IM_MODULE environment variables and 'ibus-daemon --panel disable' should be executed as a child process of ibus-ui-gtk3 component.

HOW TO SOLVE IT

Open your terminal and execute the configuration helper to explicitly tell Debian not to use legacy frameworks for your desktop inputs:

im-config -n none

How to activate REISUB in Fedora 43

From:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key
• https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/QA/Sysrq

Configure REISUB in FEDORA by doing:

$ grep -r -e kernel.sysrq /{etc,usr/lib}/sysctl.*

This command will output something like:

/usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-default.conf:# Use kernel.sysrq = 1 to allow all keys.

/usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-default.conf:kernel.sysrq = 16

According to the comments in the file /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-default.conf we have to create a file /etc/sysctl.d/90-sysctl.conf with the line kernel.sysrq = 1

$ sudo echo "kernel.sysrq = 1" | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/90-sysrq.conf

Now, reboot the computer or apply the change with:

$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-sysctl.service

Verify with:

$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

This should show 1

Now you can perform REISUB. To activate REISUB in Fedora, you can follow these steps:

1. Press and hold the Alt+PrtScn on your keyboard.

2. While holding the `Alt` key, press the following keys in sequence: `R`, `E`, `I`, `S`, `U`, `B`.

3. Release the `Alt` key after pressing the last key (`B`).

This key combination will trigger the REISUB sequence, which is a safe way to reboot your system without causing data loss. Each key in the sequence corresponds to a specific action:

• R: Switch the keyboard from raw mode to XLATE mode. We do this because the Desktop has stopped responding to the keyboard and we want to ensure any applications (like XOrg or Wayland) are not intercepting the keystrokes.
• E: Send the SIGTERM signal to all processes, allowing them to terminate gracefully.
• I: Send the SIGKILL signal to all processes, forcing them to terminate immediately.
• S: Sync all mounted filesystems, ensuring that all data is written to disk.
• U: Remount all filesystems in read-only mode, preventing any further changes to the disk.
• B: Reboot the system immediately without syncing or unmounting filesystems.

Make sure to use this key combination only when your system is unresponsive and you need to perform a forced reboot.

NVIDIA GeForce 4070Ti in Fedora 42

 In order to install the drivers of the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Ti on Fedora 42, I followed the steps on the tutorial:

https://www.if-not-true-then-false.com/2015/fedora-nvidia-guide/

All worked flawlessly.

VSCODE extensions

Extensions for VSCODE:

• Bookmarks
• Code Spell Checker + Spanish dictionary
• LaTeX Workshop
• LTeX+ grammar/spell checking
• Jupyter
• Python

Configuration JSON:

{
    // GENERAL EDITOR CUSTOMIZATION:
    // Disable GPU acceleration in the integrated terminal
    "terminal.integrated.gpuAcceleration": "off",
    // Disable copying with syntax highlighting to avoid issues when pasting into other applications
    "editor.copyWithSyntaxHighlighting": false,
    // Makes the text cursor slightly wider so it is easier to spot in dense text
    "editor.cursorWidth": 3,
    // Enable bracket pair guides only for the active pair to reduce visual clutter and improve focus on the current code block
    "editor.guides.bracketPairs": "active",
    // Disable warnings for non-basic ASCII characters
    "editor.unicodeHighlight.nonBasicASCII": false,
    // Enable smooth scrolling for a better user experience
    "editor.mouseWheelZoom": true,
    // Enable smooth scrolling for lists and the editor
    "workbench.list.smoothScrolling": true,
    // Enable smooth caret animation for a more fluid typing experience
    "editor.cursorSmoothCaretAnimation": "on",
    // Enable smooth scrolling in the terminal and editor for a more fluid experience
    "terminal.integrated.smoothScrolling": true,
    // Enable smooth scrolling in the editor for a more fluid experience
    "editor.smoothScrolling": true,
    // Set the default Python interpreter path
    "python.defaultInterpreterPath": "/bin/python",
    // Disable the minimap to reduce distractions and improve performance
    "editor.minimap.enabled": false,
    // Set the color theme to Monokai for a visually appealing coding environment
    "workbench.colorTheme": "Monokai",
    // Enable word wrap to prevent horizontal scrolling and improve readability
    "editor.wordWrap": "on",
    // Show dots for double spaces and trailing spaces
    "editor.renderWhitespace": "boundary",
    // Ask to save files before closing the editor
    "files.hotExit": "off",
    // Disable warnings for long lines
    "terminal.integrated.inheritEnv": false,
    // Skip the "matlab.interrupt" command in the terminal to prevent conflicts with MATLAB's interrupt functionality
    "terminal.integrated.commandsToSkipShell": [
        "matlab.interrupt"
    ],
    
    // SPELL CHECKING CUSTOMIZATION:
    // Enable spell checking for English and Spanish, and make it case sensitive to catch more errors
    "cSpell.caseSensitive": true,
    // Set the languages for spell checking to English and Spanish
    "cSpell.language": "en,es",
    // User defined words for spell checking
    "cSpell.userWords": [
        "Eulerian",
        "Leonhard",
        "turbomachinery"
    ],
    "cSpell.ignoreRegExpList": [
        // Prevents the spell checker from flagging LaTeX commands (anything starting with \)
        "\\\\[a-zA-Z]+",
        // Prevents the spell checker from flagging citation and reference keys
        "\\\\(cite|ref|eqref|label)\\{[^}]+\\}"
    ],
    
    // LATEX WORKSHOP CUSTOMIZATION:
    // Enable SyncTeX after building the LaTeX document for better synchronization between source and PDF
    "latex-workshop.synctex.afterBuild.enabled": true,
    // Enable synchronization between the outline view and the PDF viewer for easier navigation
    "latex-workshop.view.outline.sync.viewer": true,
    // Trims the PDF preview to remove white margins
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.trim": 15,
    // Customize the color and font style of section headings in LaTeX files to make them stand out
    "editor.tokenColorCustomizations": {
        "textMateRules": [
            {
                "scope": [
                    "entity.name.section.latex",
                    "entity.name.section.chapter.latex",
                    "entity.name.section.subsection.latex",
                    "entity.name.section.subsubsection.latex"
                ],
                "settings": {
                    "foreground": "#FF0000",
                    "fontStyle": "bold"
                }
            }
        ]
    },
} 

Configurando Logitech Lift con SOLAAR

 El logitech lift tiene 6 botones y ellos se pueden personalizar usando solaar:

https://github.com/pwr-Solaar/Solaar

En particular me gusta activar con el boton central pequeño (DVI ) el comando para hacer el puntero más visible en KDE que es Ctrl+Shift+F12:

Eso se hace así:

En el menú principal:

• Active Key/Button Diversion: DPI Switch - Diverted

Luego en Rule Editor configure la regla:

• Key >> DVI Switch (Key Up)
• Key Press >> Control_L Shift_L F12 (agregue teclas con Add key) y luego seleccione Click

Save changes y eso es todo.

Para entender esto me sirvió el video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHbFFvxldG4

Instalando FEDORA 43 - KDE Edition

Al instalar:

• Use modo UEFI. 
• Cree las siguientes particiones:
• Partición EFI (EFI) en sda1 de 600 Mb montada en /boot/efi
• Partición BOOT (EXT4 filesystem) en sda2 de 2 Gb montada en /boot
• Partición SWAP (SWAP) en sda3 de 16 Gb
• Partición ROOT (BTRFS filesystem) en sda4 montada en /
• Partición HOME (BTRFS filesystem) en sda5 montada en /home
• Partición BODEGA (BTRFS filesystem) en sda6 montada en /bodega

• Y haga: sudo chown daalvarez:daalvarez /bodega

Siga los pasos de:

• https://fosspost.org/things-to-do-after-installing-fedora
• https://github.com/devangshekhawat/Fedora-43-Post-Install-Guide

-------------------

Se instaló con sudo dnf install:

• audacity
• ImageMagick
  
• inkscape
  
• kate
• qgis python3-qgis qgis-grass qgis-server
• texlive-scheme-full
• texstudio
• workrave
• xournalpp

Y adicionalmente:

• dictd
• dvipng
  
• git
  
• git-lfs (aunque yo hice unas cosas desde la página del programa -> revisar)
• helix
• htop
  
• kompare
• krename
• kruler
• krusader
• hyphen-es
• hunspell-es
• hunspell-es-CO
• mc
• meld
• ocrmypdf
• octave
• pdftk
• perl-Image-ExifTool
• subversion
• tesseract-langpack-spa
• vim
• vlc
• wxmaxima

Otros archivos

• dbus-glib (si va a instalar Zotero)
• gtksourceview3 (si va a instalar TexText en INKSCAPE, para el syntax highlighting)

Y desde la página web de cada programa (bajando el respectivo .RPM):

• Anaconda
• Antigravity
• Visual Studio Code
• Brave browser
• Google Earth Pro
• pdfstudioviewer
• FSPViewer (para ver fotos 360°)

En comparación con Kubuntu, ya se encuentran instalados:

• gwenview
• kolourpaint

No instalé esta vez:

• Google Chrome
• kdiff3
• matlab
• Microsoft Edge
• obstudio
• tor browser
• zoom

No existen en Fedora:

• kubuntu-restricted-extras
• matlab-support
• synaptic
• ttf-mscorefonts-installer

Active el SSH con:

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-start-and-connect-to-ssh-server-on-fedora-linux

 

Configure meld as the default tool in git:

git config --global diff.tool meld
git config --global merge.tool meld 

No WIFI on ASUS Vivobook 15

This device is not supported by Linux yet!

 

daalvarez@laptop:~/Downloads$ lspci | grep Network
0000:02:00.0 Network controller: MEDIATEK Corp. Device 7902 

 

Check:

https://linux-hardware.org/?probe=97a323caf9

In order to circumvent this problem I bought a USB with the chipset RTL8188FU 802.11N from AliExpress:

daalvarez@laptop:~$ lsusb

Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0bda:f179 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188FTV 802.11b/g/n 1T1R 2.4G WLAN Adapter

Linux does not recognize it out of the box. Therefore, I used the drivers and instructions in:

https://github.com/kelebek333/rtl8188fu

with the following modifications (given that they are for Debian-based distributions, and I am using Fedora):

Instead of

sudo apt-get install build-essential git dkms linux-headers-$(uname -r)

Do:

sudo dnf upgrade

sudo dnf install dkms git

Then reboot and continue with ...

sudo dkms install ./rtl8188fu

etc ...

Down below, use the instructions for DRACUT below instead of the ones for INITRAMFS.

Reboot again, and you now have WIFI in your laptop.